Wednesday, December 18, 2013


Joanna Broyles

It is just astonishing how two empires located so closely together geographically, could be so distinctly diverse when it comes to one of the major figures of religion, Jesus. In the Islamic empire, Jesus was viewed as only a messenger from Allah, or God. They believed that there was, is, and always will be only one Allah, not three as thought by the Christians in the Byzantine empire. This three, or the holy trinity, is God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. However, in the Qur’an, Mary is mentioned in place of the Holy Spirit. In Mark 14:61-62 Jesus directly announced that he was the son of god, but the Qur’an contradicts this in Surah 4:171. These are the two primary sources that this research was fixated upon. In summary, the Islamic empire, which was predominantly Muslim, believed that Jesus was not divine, so therefore he could not be Allah's child. However, the Byzantine Empire, which was mainly Christian, believed that Jesus was God's son and that made him divine. This is one of the biggest contradictory stumbling blocks between these two great empires. 

Paraphrase 1

In Mark 14:61-62, Jesus is asked many questions.  One of those questions was if he was actually the messiah, or the son of God.  Jesus replied that he is the Lord, and the Lord is here with him.

o   This is one example of Jesus risking his life saying he was the son of God. If he wasn’t, would any normal person be willing to die one of the most gruesome deaths because of something they weren’t?
o   Right after Judas, one of his twelve disciples betrays him.
§  Greets him with a kiss in the garden of Gethsemane with a crowd of men carrying swords and clubs. These are Roman soldiers.
o   He is ultimately arrested after Judas betrays him
o   After his arrest he is sent to a trial before a council of priests, elders and teachers of the religious laws.
o   His answer is very important because he is risking his life by saying he is actually the messiah.
§  If he didn’t, his life could have been spared and he would have lived a life longer than just 30 some odd years.
§  This seals his fate of imminent execution by the cross.
o   This is not the only time he has been in a nearly deadly situation because of him saying he is the messiah.
§  Once, when he used the name that God revealed to Moses to refer to himself, even using the Torah for context so he wouldn’t be misunderstood by the crowd.
·         He basically said “I am the God of Israel” and the Jews didn’t like that so much. So they nearly stoned him to death, but Jesus snuck away.
o   Because Jesus is not afraid to die for what he believes in, but not many others, it is easy to believe he is actually the son of God.

                  Paraphrase 2

In Surah 4:171, the Qur’an says that people of the book (Christians and Jews) should not say anything about Allah that isn’t the truth. Jesus is no more than a messenger, a prophet. Do not believe in Jesus as being god’s son; believe in Allah and all of his messengers. There is no such thing as a “trinity”. There is only one god and he is above having a son, because he doesn’t need one. Everything on earth and in heaven belongs to him, and he is enough as a giver of tasks to us mortals.

o   How Muslims and Christians think of Jesus is one of the fine lines that separate the two religions.
o   Do agree on virgin birth by Mary
§  However, Muslims do not believe that Jesus is the son of god because he is not a physical being, and therefore cannot give girth or be a father, so no children for him
o   Muslim is the only other religion other than Christianity that requires for its followers to commit to an option on who Jesus is
§  This brings the two religions closer together while pulling it further apart
o   Jesus being a prophet is foundational for Muslims
§  There to bring judgment on those who worship idols while turning others towards Allah
·         He is not divine but no less than that either
o   To reject him is sacrilegious.
o   New Testament of the Bible focuses on Jesus, while the Qur’an only speaks of how he was a prophet, and not very much more. Mostly of his gospel, specific teachings aren’t mentioned.
§  Distinctive elements of his life the same
·         His birth
·         And his miracles
·         And the miraculous events on the cross
o   Miracles represent the power of god, not how Jesus was divine.
o   Muslims also don’t believe Jesus was crucified and that he was raised from the dead.
§  To make sense of this they decided that he is awaiting the end of time, and then he will defeat the antichrist and champion the cause of Islam. He will then die a natural death.
§  What happened on the cross
·         Muslim view of rescue from a physical death contrasts Christian view of a physical death followed by a hopeful resurrection.
·         Theories were also produced of a substitute for Jesus was killed on the cross, not actually Jesus.
o   Believe that Christians do a disservice to him by focusing on his divinity, not his prophetic messages.
o   Does Jesus have to be both a bride and a gap between Islam and Christianity?


kIn conclusion, the debate between whether or not Jesus is divine can be one of the greatest controversies between two of the greatest empires, the Byzantine and the Islamic. 




Bibliography


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Ali, Abdullah Yusuf, trans. The Qurʼan Translation. Eighth U.S. Edition ed. Elmhurst, NY: Tahrike Tarsile Qurʼan, 2001. Print.

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Del Rosario, Mikel. "Did Jesus Say He Was God?" Apologetics Guy. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. <http://www.apologeticsguy.com/2012/01/did-jesus-say-he-was-god/>.

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Godlas, Dr. Alan. "Jesus: A Summary of Where Christianity and Islam Agree and Differ." Jesus: A Summary of Where Christianity and Islam Agree and Differ. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. <http://islam.uga.edu/jesusdif.html>.

"Jesus as 'Son of God' in the Gospels." Jesus as 'Son of God' in the Gospels. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. <http://www.answering-islam.org/BibleCom/sonofgod.html>.

"Muslim Students Association." Understanding Islam. Muslim Students Association, University of Pittsburg, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. <http://www.pitt.edu/~sorc/muslim/whatmuslimsthink.htm>.

Reid, Gilbert. "Islam, an Appreciation." Chicago Journals 48.1 (1916): 7-17. STOR. The University of Chicago Press. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3142172.pdf?acceptTC=true&acceptTC=true&jpdConfirm=true>.

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